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Cathedral of Ani
The Cathedral of Ani ((アルメニア語:Անիի Մայր Տաճար, ''Anii Mayr Tačar'')) was completed in 1001 by the architect Trdat in the ruined ancient Armenian capital of Ani,〔The Architect Trdat Building Practices and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Byzantium and Armenia by Christina Maranci, p. 294〕 located in what is now the extreme eastern tip of Turkey, on the border with modern Armenia. It offers an example of a domed cruciform church within a rectangular plan, though both the dome and the drum supporting it are now missing, having collapsed in an earthquake in 1319. A further earthquake in 1988 caused the collapse of the north-west corner, and weakened all the west side.〔Virtual〕
==Description==
The Cathedral of Ani is long and wide,〔History of Religious Architecture, Ernest H. Short, page 71〕 unusually large by Armenian standards, which is possible by supporting the dome on four piers of clustered columns, one of the features of the architecture that was to be very common in Western architecture. The roofs are stone vaulted throughout. Tall blind arcades decorate the external walls, including the ruined drum. There is carved relief decoration around several windows. There are three entrances, for the prince (south), the patriarch (north) and the people (west); each originally had a porch.〔 The eastern end presents on the exterior a flat wall with two tall triangular niches, but on the interior has a large central apse with two chambers on two storeys to the sides only accessible through narrow doorways on the ground floor, and stairways to the upper floor spaces. Though now light enters through the missing drum, the lower windows, including some round "porthole" ones, are few and small. Nikoli Marr, the first archaeologist to study the building, believed that it was considerably altered from its original design in the 13th century, but the evidence of the numerous inscriptions indicates this was not the case.〔
Some European historians of architecture, beginning with Josef Strzygowski,〔 Josef Strzygowski. ''Die Baukunst der Armenier und Europa''. 2 vols. Vienna 1918.〕 believe that the volume composition of the interior elements served to influence the development of European Gothic architecture in the 12th - 14th centuries.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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